While the earlier illustrated manuscripts have the artwork contained neatly within the borders of a container box itself within the written page (see figure 2), in later manuscripts, the illustrations effusively flow out their containers boxes (see figure 5). At some point in their production, the Shahnameh manuscript copies began to include illustrations – commonly miniature watercolour paintings. Generally speaking, the oldest manuscript copies discovered to date have no illustrations. Nevertheless, the Beirut Shahnameh is over three times the combined length of the Greek epics, the Iliad (15,693 lines) and the Odyssey (12,110 lines). The number of the verses of the Beirut MS is estimated at between 48,023 and 48,101. The higher number includes verses added by the scribes in later manuscripts. While it is commonly believed that Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh consists of 60,000 couplets, authoritative manuscripts generally contain fewer than 50,000 couplets (100,000 lines). The manuscript contains no illustrations. Generally, there are twenty-five lines of text on each page. 992 pages) of thick yellowish (presumably handmade) paper (see figure 1). The text of the Beirut Shahnameh manuscript is written in four columns on both sides of 496 folios (sheets i.e. ![]() This dating, if correct, makes it one of the earliest Shahnameh manuscripts known to exist. As a result, we can only make an educated guess about the date of its writing – which in the estimation of Iranian scholars was sometime between 1250 to 1350 CE. Sadly, the manuscript’s colophon had been cut out – perhaps because the manuscript had at some point been stolen from its rightful owner. Moosavi of Tehran University had a Shahnameh manuscript copy handed to him on the very last day of his stay. During a visit to the Bibliothèque Orientale (Oriental library) of Saint-Joseph University in Beirut, Lebanon, Prof. The most recent codex was discovered in 2005 – in battle scared Beirut. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Sindukht Becoming Aware of Rudaba's Actions The dispersed pages now lie in private collections and museums. Shamefully, several have had their pages taken apart by western ‘collectors’ (sic) seeking to maximize their resale profit. Many illustrated Shahnameh codices are no longer in bound form. The earliest known illustrated Shahnameh codex dates from around 1300 CE. Several Shahnameh manuscripts found their way into European hands as a consequence. About a hundred years ago, Britain and Russia effectively divided Iran as well as some of its treasures between themselves. It is a single volume and contains no illustrations. 1276-1277 and is in the British Library or Museum (?). The next oldest known manuscript dates to c. It was discovered as recently as 1977 by one Angelo Piemontese. The earliest surviving Shahnameh manuscript copy that is known to us – and one which is incomplete – dates back to 1217 CE and resides today in Florence’s National Library (Biblioteca Nazionale). The various existing Shahnameh copies are all unique and no two copies have precisely the same textual content since scribes who wrote the manuscript copies were prone to error and editing. The earliest surviving manuscripts known to us were written some two hundred years after the death of the poet around 1020 CE. However, a manuscript of Ferdowsi’s epic, the Shahnameh, written in the poet’s own hand is not known to exist. 2010 is the one-thousandth anniversary of the Shahnameh's final 1010 edition. The first was completed in 995 or 999 CE and the second in March 1010 CE. ![]() We are told that Ferdowsi wrote two editions or redactions of his epic. Sikandar A Satire on Sultan Mahmud A The Heroes - Story in Brief Reconstruction of an Authoritative ShahnamehĮarliest Surviving Manuscript Copies KnownĮlation, Regret & Hope Shahnameh's Characters The Heroes - Story in Brief English Translation EduljeeĪchaemenian Era Book of King - Basilikai Difeterai
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